The flame photometer (AES) from A.KRÜSS are used to determine the concentration of alkali and alkaline earth elements in aqueous solutions. The devices are a simple and particularly cost-effective alternative to analysis techniques such as ICP or AAS.
Flame photometers are particularly suitable for the quantitative determination of alkali metals such as sodium (Na), potassium (K) and lithium (Li) and alkaline earth metals such as calcium (Ca). These elements are measured simultaneously in a single work step.
Consistent modernization of the flame photometers and a special focus on safety concepts open up completely new fields of application for many cost-sensitive customer groups – from automated incoming goods inspection to the qualification of FFP masks in accordance with DIN 149.
Low operating costs are one of the main strengths of AES, and the technology of the FP8000 series also scores with high accuracy.
| AES | AAS | ICP - OES | Electrodes | Mass spectrometers | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measurable elements | Alkali and alkaline earth metal | MANY | MANY | One element per electrode | ALL |
| Accuracy | HIGH | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | VERY HIGH |
| Detection limits | ppb to ppm | ppb to ppm | ppb to ppm | ppb to ppm | ppt and below |
| Cost per measurement | LOW | MEDIUM | HIGH | LOW | VERY HIGH |
| Measuring rate | VERY FAST | MEDIUM | MEDIUM | SLOW | MEDIUM |
| Multi-element measurements | YES | CONDITIONAL | YES | NO | YES |
| Device operation | SIMPLE | ADVANCED | ADVANCED | SIMPLE | VERY ADVANCED |
| Method creation | VERY SIMPLE | SIMPLE | COMPLEX | SIMPLE | COMPLEX |
| 24/7 - Measurement mode | YES | YES | YES | CONDITIONAL | CONDITIONAL |
| Technical data flame photometer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Specification | FP8400 model | FP8500 model | FP8600 model | FP8700 model |
| CALIBRATION | Linear with 2 standards | |||
| Non-linear with 6-8 standards, polynomial curve fit | ||||
| DRIFT | 1 % in 60 min | |||
| REFERENCE LINE (optional) | Lithium guideline (reference line) with 5 mmol/l Caesium guideline on request |
|||
| SAMPLE VOLUME | 2.5 ml | 2.5 ml | 2.5 ml | microliter range (depending on dilution ration and sample tube) |
| COMBUSTION GAS | Propane: recommended for alkaline elements | |||
| Butane: possible propane substitute | ||||
| Acetylene for flame photometry: recommended for alkaline earth elements | ||||
| DISPLAY | TFT display with integrated 8.4″ TFT touchscreen, 800 x 600 pixels | |||
| INTERFACES | 2 x USB 1 x Ethernet 1 x RS-232 for printer |
2 x USB 1 x Ethernet 1 x RS-232 for printer Upgrade 4-20 mA analog, passive current interface |
2 x USB 1 x Ethernet 1 x RS-232 for printer |
2 x USB 1 x Ethernet 1 x RS-232 for printer |
| ACCESSORIES | 24-character plain paper dot matrix printer | |||
| Pressure reducing station with filter units | ||||
| Various standards and system solutions | ||||
| Spare parts and accessories direct from the manufacturer | ||||
| RETROFITTABILITY | Retrofit kits available for other models | |||
| FP8400 | FP8500 | FP8600 | FP8700 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEASUREMENT RANGE | Na | 0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0004 – 200 mmol/l |
0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0004 -200 mmol/l |
0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0004 – 200 mmol/l |
0.1 – 45000 ppm 0.004 – 2000 mmol/l |
| K | 0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0003 – 110 mmol/l |
0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0003 – 110 mmol/l |
0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0003 – 110 mmol |
0.1 – 45000 ppm 0.003 – 1100 mmol/l |
|
| Li | 0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0014 – 600 mmol/l |
0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0014 – 600 mmol/l |
0.01 – 4500 ppm 0.0014 – 600 mmol/l |
0.1 – 45000 ppm 0.014 – 6000 mmol/l |
|
| Ca | 0.50 – 4500 ppm 0.0125 – 110 mmol/l |
0.50 -4500 ppm 0.0125 – 110 mmol/l |
0.50 – 4500 ppm 0.0125 – 110 mmol/l |
5.0 – 45000 ppm 0.125 – 1100 mmol/l |
|
| DETECTION – LIMIT |
Na | 0.01 ppm 0.0004 mmol/l |
0.01 ppm 0.0004 mmol/l |
0.01 ppm 0.0004 mmol/l |
0.1 ppm 0.004 mmol/l |
| K | 0.01 ppm 0.0003 mmol/l |
0.01 ppm 0.0003 mmol/l |
0.01 ppm 0.0003 mmol/l |
0.1 ppm 0.003 mmol/l |
|
| Li | 0.01 ppm 0.0014 mmol/l |
0.01 ppm 0.0014 mmol/l |
0.01 ppm 0.0014 mmol/l |
0.1 ppm 0.014 mmol/l |
|
| Ca | 0.03 ppm 0.0075 mmol/l |
0.03 ppm 0.0075 mmol/l |
0.03 ppm 0.0075 mmol/l |
0.3 ppm 0.075 mmol/l |
|
| PRECISION | Na | 0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
0.4 % at 40 ppm 0.4 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
0.6 % at 40 ppm 0.6 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
| K | 0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
0.4 % at 40 ppm 0.4 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
0.6 % at 40 ppm 0.6 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
|
| Li | 0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
0.4 % at 40 ppm 0.4 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
0.6 % at 40 ppm 0.6 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
|
| Ca | 0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 1.00 mmol/l |
0.2 % at 40 ppm 0.2 % at 1.00 mmol/l |
0.4 % at 40 ppm 0.4 % at 1.00 mmol/l |
0.6 % at 40 ppm 0.6 & at 1.00 mmol/l |
|
| ACCURACY | Na | 1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.74 mmol/l |
| K | 1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.03 mmol/l |
|
| Li | 1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 5.71 mmol/l |
|
| Ca | 1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.00 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.00 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.00 mmol/l |
1 % at 40 ppm 1 % at 1.00 mmol/l
|
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